1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS |
1.1. | Purpose and scope of this report |
1.2. | Where we are headed |
1.3. | Why we need electric CAM vehicles |
1.4. | Construction site of the future: electric vehicles/ robots charged by movable zero emission gensets |
1.5. | Farm of the future arriving now |
1.5.1. | Robots and drones charge from on-board solar and mobile "zero gensets" |
1.5.2. | Robot data scouts, precision drilling and planting robots: pure electric |
1.5.3. | Precision farming |
1.6. | Types of mine emerging beyond open pit |
1.6.1. | Deep mines, block caving and sea floor |
1.6.2. | Open pit (open cast) all-electric mine of the future |
1.6.3. | Electric land and air deep pit vehicles charging from zero emission microgrids |
1.7. | Primary conclusions of this report: industry |
1.8. | Major suppliers' coverage |
1.9. | Supplier appraisal Caterpillar |
1.10. | Supplier appraisal CNH Industrial |
1.11. | Supplier appraisal John Deere |
1.12. | Supplier appraisal Komatsu |
1.13. | Primary conclusions of this report: regional |
1.14. | Primary conclusions of this report: technical |
1.15. | Progress towards the end game: all electric CAM vehicles |
1.16. | CAM electric vehicle value market share % in 2020 and EV CAM % 2030 |
1.16.1. | Market forecasts number k of CAM electric land vehicles 2020-2030 |
1.16.2. | Market forecasts CAM electric land vehicles 2020-2030 - unit price $k |
1.16.3. | Market forecasts CAM electric land vehicles 2020-2030 - market value $ billion |
1.16.4. | Market value of CAM electric land vehicles 2020 and 2030 - $ billion |
1.16.5. | Number of CAM electric vehicles 2020-2030 - all categories |
1.16.6. | Unit price of CAM electric vehicles $k 2020-2030 - all categories |
1.16.7. | Market value of CAM electric vehicles 2020-2030 - all categories |
1.17. | Predicting when CAM pure electric vehicles have lower up-front price vs diesel 2020-2040 |
1.17.1. | Evidence of the price parity/ size trend |
1.18. | CAM vehicle market outlook |
1.19. | Adoption timeline for CAM vehicles and infrastructure 2020-2030 |
1.20. | Patent analysis |
1.21. | Here comes the mine of the future - IDTechEx gives the detail |
2. | INTRODUCTION |
2.1. | Some CAM vehicle commonalities |
2.1.1. | Equipment definitions: market player landscape |
2.1.2. | Some equipment definitions: by function |
2.2. | CAM goes electric |
2.2.1. | Powertrain trends - options: electric motor size up to 100kW |
2.2.2. | Electric vehicles EV vs non-electric vehicles |
2.2.3. | Powertrain trends by type of CAM vehicle |
2.2.4. | Other CAM power trends |
2.3. | Simplification |
2.3.1. | Reduce diesel CAM vehicle parts by 90% with electrics: learning from cars |
2.4. | CAM EV examples today |
2.5. | Pollution control |
2.5.1. | Carbon dioxide emissions from mobile machinery |
2.5.2. | Emission push for pure electric equipment |
2.6. | Hybrids as interim stage |
2.6.1. | Hybrid CAM vehicles Bosch |
2.6.2. | Dana Oerlikon |
2.7. | Introduction to construction |
2.8. | Agriculture worldwide and its future |
2.8.1. | Overview: Needs and emissions |
2.8.2. | Growing population and growing demand for food |
2.8.3. | Agriculture by region |
2.8.4. | Major crop yields are plateauing |
2.8.5. | Greenhouse and local emissions in agriculture |
2.8.6. | Aging farmer population and urban migration |
2.8.7. | Economics of agricultural machines |
2.8.8. | Towards ultra precision agriculture: variable rate technology |
2.8.9. | Transition towards to swarms of small, slow, cheap robots |
2.8.10. | Agricultural robotics and ultra precision = value chain upheaval |
2.8.11. | Business models between RaaS and equipment sales |
2.9. | Here come mines electrified then unmanned |
2.9.1. | Overview |
2.9.2. | Goldcorp Chapleau unmanned electric mine 2020 |
2.10. | First zero emission construction site |
3. | CONSTRUCTION |
3.1. | Drones in construction |
3.2. | Overview of land EVs for CAM |
3.2.1. | Quieter, cleaner, lower cost of ownership |
3.2.2. | Autonomy |
3.2.3. | Pure electric or hybrid construction excavators? |
3.3. | Mini excavators |
3.3.1. | Mini excavator market shares |
3.3.2. | Caterpillar |
3.3.3. | Hyundai |
3.3.4. | JCB |
3.3.5. | Komatsu |
3.3.6. | Mecalac |
3.3.7. | Suncar |
3.3.8. | Verkooyen Machines BV |
3.3.9. | Volvo Construction Equipment |
3.3.10. | Wacker Neuson |
3.3.11. | Yanmar |
3.4. | Mainstream excavators |
3.4.1. | Overview: hybrid electric drive and some pure electric coming in |
3.4.2. | Caterpillar |
3.4.3. | Hidromec |
3.4.4. | Hitachi |
3.4.5. | Komatsu |
3.5. | Wheel and backhoe loaders |
3.5.1. | Avant Tecno |
3.5.2. | Case Construction |
3.5.3. | Huddig |
3.5.4. | Kramer-Werke |
3.5.5. | Volvo CE |
3.6. | Telehandlers, boom lifts, AWPs |
3.6.1. | JLG (Oshkosh) |
3.6.2. | Leibherr |
3.6.3. | Manitou |
3.7. | Dumpers |
3.7.1. | Ausa |
3.7.2. | Wacker Neuson |
3.7.3. | Zhengzhou Lianke Machinery Manufacture Co., Ltd. |
3.8. | Heavy trucks |
3.8.1. | Volvo Group |
3.8.2. | CNH Industrial with Nikola |
4. | AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, TURF |
4.1. | Overview: drones, land EVs and swarming |
4.1.1. | Swarming robots: land and air |
4.1.2. | Low cost standard software |
4.1.3. | Hopping drones: Crop Hopper |
4.2. | Land based EVs for agriculture: overview |
4.3. | Electric robot weeders |
4.4. | Tractors |
4.4.1. | Overview |
4.4.2. | Electrification of tractors: efficiency, new functions, solar |
4.4.3. | Solar assistance |
4.4.4. | Autonxt |
4.4.5. | Belarus Tractors |
4.4.6. | CNH Industrial |
4.4.7. | Farmtrac |
4.4.8. | Fendt (AGCO) |
4.4.9. | John Deere |
4.4.10. | STW |
4.5. | Planters |
4.5.1. | AGCO (Fendt) Xaver |
4.6. | Transporters |
4.6.1. | Alke |
4.6.2. | Nelson Mandela University |
4.7. | Forestry and turf |
4.7.1. | Overview |
4.7.2. | Forestry: hybrids and supercapacitors |
5. | MINING |
5.1. | Sustainable mining |
5.1.1. | Mining by use of self-produced zero emission electricity |
5.2. | Future of quarrying |
5.3. | Future of underground mining |
5.4. | Some electrification timelines and models involved |
5.5. | Mining EV manufacturers by type and maturity |
5.6. | EVs in operation by mine: examples |
5.7. | Examples of EVs for mines |
5.8. | Examples: load haul dump LHD |
5.9. | Artisan Vehicle Systems |
5.10. | Atlas Copco |
5.11. | BYD |
5.12. | Caterpillar |
5.13. | Epiroc |
5.14. | GE |
5.15. | Hitachi |
5.16. | Komatsu Joy Global |
5.17. | Kuhn Schweiz AG - Komatsu |
5.18. | LuiGong |
5.19. | Maclean Engineering |
5.20. | Normet |
5.21. | Partisan Motors |
5.22. | Sandvik |
6. | ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES |
6.1. | Seven key EV enabling technologies for CAM EVs |
6.2. | Here come moveable, minimal energy storage microgrids |
6.3. | Progress to CAM electrics with off-grid zero emission |
6.4. | Overview of electrics in CAM vehicles |
6.5. | Traction motors |
6.5.1. | Overview |
6.5.2. | Operating principles for EV use |
6.5.3. | Electric motor choices in EVs for CAM applications |
6.5.4. | Example: Le Tourneau and others |
6.5.5. | Choices of motor position |
6.5.6. | Example: Dana Corp. including TM4 |
6.5.7. | Example: Saminco |
6.5.8. | Example: Siemens |
6.5.9. | Motor trends: Protean Electric, Lightyear, YASA |
6.5.10. | Possible long term trend |
6.6. | Batteries and supercapacitors |
6.6.1. | Overview |
6.6.2. | Battery requirements for CAM electric vehicles |
6.6.3. | Example: JCB excavators |
6.6.4. | Future W/kg vs Wh/kg 2020-2030 |
6.6.5. | Energy density 2020-2030 |
6.6.6. | Disadvantages of Li-ion batteries |
6.6.7. | Forecast of Li-ion battery cost (industrial) $/kWh) |
6.6.8. | Battery packs |
6.6.9. | BYD |
6.6.10. | Akasol |
6.6.11. | Lithium storage GmbH |
6.6.12. | Battery Packs - Saminco |
6.7. | How to charge CAM vehicles |
6.7.1. | The challenge |
6.7.2. | The answer to CAM EV charging |
6.7.3. | Solar bodywork |
6.7.4. | Solar gensets |
6.7.5. | Floatovoltaics and mining |
6.7.6. | Solar vs diesel cost analysis |
6.7.7. | Zero emission microgrids: solar, water, wind reinvented |
6.7.8. | New options beyond solar: relocatable, much less intermittent |
6.7.9. | New power generating technology kVA comparison |
6.7.10. | Airborne Wind Energy developers |
6.7.11. | Open sea wave power technologies |
6.8. | Fuel cell and other hybrids |
7. | CAM VEHICLE AUTONOMY IN ACTION |
7.1. | Construction example: Built Robotics |
7.2. | Agriculture autonomy by application |
7.2.1. | Market and technology readiness by agricultural activity |
7.2.2. | Driverless tractors: AGCO, ATC, Kubota, Yanmar, Kinze, CNH |
7.2.3. | Robotic fresh fruit harvesting |
7.2.4. | Autonomous, ultra precision weeding |
7.3. | Mining examples |
7.3.1. | Gemini Scout, Julius |
7.3.2. | UNEXMiN, Simba, Komatsu |
7.3.3. | GMG mining robot guidelines |
8. | AUTONOMY COMPONENTS AND INTEGRATION |
8.1. | Overview |
8.2. | Lidars |
8.3. | Radars |
8.4. | AI software and computing platform |
8.5. | High-definition (HD) map |