1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY |
1.1. | Acronyms |
1.2. | What are quantum dots? |
1.3. | An old technology? |
1.4. | Snapshot of readiness level of various QD applications |
1.5. | Displays: benchmarking various integration methods |
1.6. | QD Technology and Market Roadmap (10 year view) |
1.7. | Ten-year quantum market solution forecasts in value segmented by 12 applications in displays, lighting, sensors, photovoltaics and so on |
1.8. | Ten-year quantum material market forecasts in value segmented by 12 applications in displays, lighting, sensors, photovoltaics, and so on |
2. | MARKET FORECASTS |
2.1. | Overall |
2.1.1. | Ten-year quantum market solution forecasts in value segmented by 12 applications in displays, lighting, sensors, photovoltaics, and so on |
2.1.2. | Ten-year quantum material market forecasts in value segmented by 12 applications in displays, lighting, sensors, photovoltaics, and so on |
2.2. | Displays |
2.2.1. | Ten-year forecast of change in QD technology mix in display sector (%) |
2.2.2. | Ten-year forecast for different QD solutions in displays in area or M sqm (film, color filter, on chip, edge optic, emissive QLED, etc.) |
2.2.3. | Ten-year forecast for different QD solutions in displays in TONNES (film, color filter, on chip, edge optic, emissive QLED, etc.) |
2.2.4. | Ten-year quantum market solution forecasts in value in displays (film, color filter, on chip, edge optic, emissive QLED, etc.) |
2.2.5. | Ten-year quantum dot material market forecasts in value in displays (film, color filter, on chip, edge optic, emissive QLED, etc.) |
2.3. | Non display |
2.3.1. | Ten-year quantum dot forecasts in value in lighting applications |
2.3.2. | Ten-year quantum dot forecasts in value in image sensors (visible and IR/NIR) |
2.3.3. | Ten-year quantum dot forecasts in value in other applications (photovoltaics, research, etc.) |
3. | BASIC INTRODUCTION TO QUANTUM DOTS |
3.1. | An old technology? |
3.2. | What are quantum dots? |
3.3. | Typical structure of a quantum dot |
3.4. | Different types of colloidal quantum dots |
3.5. | Colloidal quantum dots |
3.6. | Photoluminescence of quantum dots |
3.7. | Typical nuclei based growth process |
3.8. | Example of a typical two-pot growth process for InP core-shell QDs |
3.9. | Basic approaches to synthesis: molecular seeding to lower temperature? |
3.10. | Basic approaches to synthesis: continuous QD growth |
3.11. | Key material requirements |
4. | CD AND CD FREE QUANTUM DOTS |
4.1. | Why use heavy metals? |
4.2. | Cadmium under RoHS |
4.3. | Cd-free InP-based quantum dots |
4.4. | Evolution of InP QD FWHM as a function of time |
4.5. | Cd-based to Cd-free quantum dots: commercial transition is in full swing |
4.6. | Timeline of exemption and the arrival of the ban |
4.7. | How much cadmium is there in a display? |
4.8. | Is Indium Phosphide a safer alternative? |
5. | OUTLINING SOME MATERIAL IMPROVEMENT TRENDS AND STRATEGIES |
5.1. | Eliminating self-absorption |
5.2. | Reducing lattice mismatch with graded core-shell compositions |
5.3. | Improved stability: embedding QDs in silica particles to form microspheres |
5.4. | Improved stability: embedding QDs in silica particles to form microspheres |
5.5. | Improved stability: sapphire QD coating |
6. | INTRODUCTION AND KEY ATTRIBUTES |
6.1. | Perovskite Quantum Dots |
6.1.1. | Perovskite quantum dots (or nanocrystals): a rival to traditional solutions? |
6.1.2. | Perovskite downconverters or emitters: an introduction |
6.1.3. | Perovskites: controlling emission wavelength via halide component |
6.1.4. | Perovskites: controlling emission wavelength via size |
6.1.5. | Perovskite QDs: higher defect tolerance of FWHM and QY |
6.1.6. | Perovskite QDs: high blue absorbance |
6.2. | Challenges or shortcomings |
6.2.1. | Perovskite quantum dots: why red is difficult |
6.2.2. | Red perovskite QDs: preventing phase instability |
6.2.3. | Perovskite quantum dots: self absorption issues |
6.2.4. | Perovskites: stability issue is a persistent concern |
6.2.5. | Perovskites: improving stability with ligands |
6.2.6. | Perovskite QDs: improving stability by embedding a host matrix |
6.2.7. | Perovskite QD-composites: improving stability by embedding in a polymer host |
6.2.8. | Perovskite QDs: toxicity concerns |
6.3. | Electroluminescent PeQD LEDs |
6.3.1. | Perovskite QLED: efficiency progress for inorganic green PeQLEDs? |
6.3.2. | Inorganic red PeQLED: what about lifetime? |
6.4. | Commercial progress and prospects |
6.4.1. | Perovskite green QD films for displays: stable commercial offerings |
6.4.2. | Perovskite QDs: the only way is hybrid? |
6.4.3. | Conclusions on perovskite QDs |
6.4.4. | InGaN/GaN QDs: viable material? |
6.4.5. | InGaN/GaN QDs: cutting reaction time and FWHM |
6.4.6. | InGaN/GaN QDs: cutting reaction time and FWHM |
6.4.7. | CuInS2/ZnS: broadband QDs useful in solar windows? |
6.4.8. | PdS QDs: optical sensor with high responsivity and wide spectrum |
6.4.9. | PdS QDs: optical sensor with high responsibility and wide spectrum |
6.4.10. | Rhodamine-based fluorescent materials as all organic downconverters |
6.4.11. | Carbon quantum dots (CQD) |
6.4.12. | Graphene Quantum Dots |
6.4.13. | ZnSe |
6.4.14. | White-blue emission from silicon QD |
7. | COMPARISON WITH PHOSPHORS |
7.1. | Phosphors: basic introduction |
7.2. | Thee ways to achieve white in LEDs |
7.3. | Requirements for phosphors in LEDs |
7.4. | Table of phosphor materials |
7.5. | Why the search for narrow FWHM red phosphors (I)? |
7.6. | Common and emerging red-emitting phosphors |
7.7. | Thermal stability of common red, green and yellow phosphors (I) |
7.8. | GE's narrowband red phosphor: KSF:Mn+4 |
7.9. | Commercial progress of GE's narrowband red phosphor |
7.10. | Lumileds red emitting phosphor (SLA) |
7.11. | Toray: High performance organic phosphors |
7.12. | Suppliers of phosphors |
7.13. | Phosphors: FWHM comparison with quantum dots |
7.14. | Phosphors: color tunability comparison with quantum dots |
7.15. | Phosphors: Particle size comparison with quantum dots |
7.16. | Phosphors: Response time comparison with quantum dots |
7.17. | Phosphors: Stability comparison with quantum dots |
7.18. | Strength of hybrid phosphor-QD approach |
7.19. | Conclusions |
8. | QUANTUM ROD DISPLAYS |
8.1. | Quantum rods |
8.2. | Quantum rods: demonstrating printed greyscale displays |
8.3. | Quantum rods: material choices for red, green and blue photoluminescence |
8.4. | Quantum rods: material performance for red, green and blue photoluminescence |
8.5. | Quantum rods: principle of voltage controlled emission resulting in high contrast ratio |
8.6. | Quantum rod displays: performance of 17" active matrix inkjet printed QR display |
8.7. | Importance of early patents |
8.8. | Case Study: Evident |
8.9. | Nanoco vs Nanosys |
8.10. | IP acquisition |
8.11. | Nanosys vs QD Vision |
9. | APPLICATIONS IN LIFE SCIENCES |
9.1. | Quantum dots as fluorescent tags |
9.2. | Examples of images |
9.3. | Advantages over organic dyes |
9.4. | Comparison of absorption/emission |
9.5. | Major milestones in academic research |
9.6. | Various approaches to use quantum dots |
9.7. | Example: monitoring enzyme activity |
9.8. | Zymera in vivo imaging |
10. | INTRODUCTION TO COLOR GAMUT IN DISPLAYS |
10.1. | Understanding color standards |
10.2. | How LED backlights reduced color performances |
10.3. | 100% sRGB can be achieved without QD |
10.4. | The challenge of Rec 2020 |
10.5. | FWHM and color gamut |
10.6. | Performance sensitivity to emission wavelength |
11. | DISPLAY APPLICATIONS |
11.1. | Displays: edge optic |
11.1.1. | LED backlight units in LCD |
11.1.2. | Replacing phosphors with quantum dots |
11.1.3. | Edge optic integration: a technology going obsolete? |
11.1.4. | Color IQ from QD Vision: going obsolete |
11.1.5. | Film type integration: growing commercial success but for how long? |
11.2. | Displays: enhancement film or remote film-film QD phosphors |
11.2.1. | QDEF film from Nanosys |
11.2.2. | Key direction of development for film type integration (I): transition towards Cd free materials |
11.2.3. | Key direction of development for film type integration (II): reducing barrier requirements |
11.2.4. | Key direction of development for film type integration (III): Premium pricing vs expanding product portfolio |
11.2.5. | Key direction of development for film type integration (IV): Glass based QD sheet in LCD displays |
11.3. | Displays: quantum dot color filters |
11.3.1. | Colour filter type: approaching commercial readiness? |
11.3.2. | Colour filter type remaining challenges (I): patterning |
11.3.3. | QDCF: strategies to make QDs compatible with photoresist and photolithography |
11.3.4. | QDCF: strategies to make QDs compatible with photoresist and photolithography |
11.3.5. | QDFC: performance of epoxied silica QDs as QDCF |
11.3.6. | Colour filter type remaining challenges (I): inkjetting |
11.3.7. | Inkjet printed InP QD color filters: performance levels |
11.3.8. | Colour filter type remaining challenges (I): color purity and contrast |
11.3.9. | Colour filter type remaining challenges (I): new polarizers, short-pass filters, and other additional layers? |
11.3.10. | QD color filters on OLED |
11.3.11. | QD color filters on OLED: pros and cons |
11.4. | Displays: quantum on-chip LEDs |
11.4.1. | On chip integration: improving stability |
11.4.2. | Colour filter type remaining challenges (I): patterning |
11.4.3. | On chip type remaining challenges: stress conditions |
11.4.4. | On chip type remaining challenges (III): heat and light stability |
11.4.5. | On chip type remaining challenges (IV): light flux stability |
12. | PHOTOPATTERNING FOR MICROLED DISPLAYS |
12.1. | On-chip QDs for micro-LED displays: range of devices and stress conditions |
12.2. | QDs vs Phosphors for micro LED displays: the size and resolution advantage |
12.3. | QDs: photopatternable QDs for micro-displays |
12.4. | Photo-patternable QD for micro LED displays: material consideration |
12.5. | Photo-patternable QD for micro LED displays: rational for engineered multi core-shell giant QDs |
12.6. | Photo-patternable QD for micro LED displays: material challenges |
12.7. | Photo-patternable QD for micro LED displays: surviving the photopatterning process |
12.8. | Photo-patternable QD for micro LED displays: demonstrating heat and light flux stability |
12.9. | Photo-patternable QD for micro LED displays: performance levels |
12.10. | Photo-patternable QD for micro LED displays: comparison with RGB LEDs |
13. | EMISSIVE QLED (QUANTUM LIGHT EMITTING DIODE) |
13.1. | Display trend: evolution from PLED to PhOLED to TADF to QDs? |
13.2. | Emissive type: how far off from commercial readiness? |
13.3. | Emissive QLED remaining challenges: optimal device design |
13.4. | Nanophotonica: performance progress of QLEDs |
13.5. | Progress from QD Vision (no longer active) |
13.6. | Perovskite QLED: efficiency progress for inorganic green PeQLEDs? |
13.7. | Emissive QLED remaining challenges (II): blue QD challenge |
13.8. | Emissive QLED remaining challenges (II): ink formulation challenge |
13.9. | Emissive QLED remaining challenges (II): transfer printing |
13.10. | Emissive QLED remaining challenges (III): lifetime |
13.11. | Inorganic red PeQLED: what about lifetime? |
14. | QUANTUM DOT IMAGE SENSORS (VISIBLE AND IR/NIR) |
14.1. | Improving silicon image sensors |
14.1.1. | QD layer advantage in image sensor (I): Increasing sensor sensitivity and gain |
14.1.2. | QD-Si hybrid image sensors(II): reducing thickness |
14.1.3. | How is the QD layer applied? |
14.1.4. | QD optical layer: approaches to increase conductivity of QD films |
14.1.5. | QD-Si hybrid image sensors(III): enabling high resolution global shutter |
14.1.6. | QD-Si hybrid image sensors(III): enabling high resolution global shutter |
14.1.7. | QD-Si hybrid image sensors(III): Low power and high sensitivity to structured light detection for machine vision? |
14.1.8. | Can hybrid organic CMOS image sensors also give high res global shutter? |
14.1.9. | Progress in CMOS global shutter using silicon technology only |
14.2. | Quantum dots for near infra sensors |
14.2.1. | Current issue with infrared image sensors |
14.2.2. | Quantum: covering the range from visible to near infrared |
14.2.3. | Results and status for IR vision |
14.2.4. | Potential unresolved questions and issues |
14.2.5. | PdS QDs: optical sensor with high responsibility and wide spectrum |
15. | QUANTUM DOTS IN LIGHTING APPLICATIONS |
15.1. | Quantum dots in lighting applications |
15.2. | QDs in horticulture |
15.3. | Achieving high CRI in general lighting |
15.4. | Why the search for narrow FWHM red phosphors (I)? |
15.5. | Achieving warm colours using 'remote' QD phosphors |
15.6. | Examples of LED lights with remote QD integration |
15.7. | Achieving high CRI using on-chip phosphors |
15.8. | On-chip QD integration: different LED types and performance requirements |
15.9. | Achieving high CRI using on-chip QDs: stability results |
16. | PHOTOVOLTAIC |
16.1. | Many competing technologies in PV |
16.2. | Quantum dot PV is still in early stage |
16.3. | Comparison of efficiencies |
16.4. | Quantum dot PV: SWOT analysis |
16.5. | Progress in QD photovoltaics |
16.6. | QD luminescent solar concentrator? |
17. | OTHER APPLICATIONS |
17.1. | Hydrogen production |
17.2. | Visible light photocatalysis |
17.3. | Sunscreen |
17.4. | Lasers |
17.5. | QDChip spectrometer |
17.6. | Security tagging |
18. | COMPANY PROFILES |
18.1. | Avantama |
18.2. | BOE |
18.3. | Consistent Electronic Materials |
18.4. | Cree |
18.5. | CrystalPlex |
18.6. | Dow Electronic Materials |
18.7. | Fraunhofer |
18.8. | Hansol |
18.9. | Korea University |
18.10. | Kyung Hee University |
18.11. | LG Display |
18.12. | LMS |
18.13. | Lumileds |
18.14. | Najing Technology Company |
18.15. | Nanoco |
18.16. | Nanosys |
18.17. | Nanophotonica |
18.18. | NexDot |
18.19. | Pacific Lighting Technology (Osram) |
18.20. | QD Vision |
18.21. | Qlight (Merck) |
18.22. | ? |
18.23. | Quantag |
18.24. | Quantum Material Corporation |
18.25. | Quantum Solutions |
18.26. | QustomDot |
18.27. | Samsung |
18.28. | Saphlux |
18.29. | Sharp |
18.30. | Shoei Chemical |
18.31. | SWIR Vision Sensors |
18.32. | Taiwan Nanocrystal |
18.33. | Takoma/Huntplus/Kyung Hee |
18.34. | TCL |
18.35. | Tohoku University |
18.36. | UbiQD |
18.37. | Ulvac Solutions |
18.38. | Wah Hong |
18.39. | Zhijing Nanotech |
18.40. | ZH-QTECH |