1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY |
1.1. | Energy Storage: a Li-ion battery led market |
1.2. | Classification of energy storage systems |
1.3. | Renewable energy targets adoption |
1.4. | Li-ion will dominate the market |
1.5. | The impact of RES on the electricity grid |
1.6. | Overview of ancillary services |
1.7. | Similar situation, different problems |
1.8. | US average electricity price per state |
1.9. | Similar situation, different problems |
1.10. | Large utility battery projects in California |
1.11. | US Battery installation breakdown |
1.12. | Australia's battery deployment |
1.13. | Japan and the energy (in)dependency |
1.14. | Japan battery installation |
1.15. | China, high potential but slow growing for ES |
1.16. | Chinese stationary battery forecast |
1.17. | South Korea |
1.18. | South Korea battery installations |
1.19. | India |
1.20. | United Kingdom |
1.21. | Germany |
1.22. | Italy |
1.23. | Battery energy storage development 2018-2020 |
1.24. | Global battery installations |
1.25. | FTM, BTM market forecast breakdown |
1.26. | Important considerations for battery selection |
1.27. | Forecast assumptions and explanation |
2. | INTRODUCTION |
2.1. | Consumption of electricity is changing |
2.2. | Renewables are leading the power source changes |
2.3. | The advantage of energy storage in the power grid |
2.4. | Stationary storage position in the power grid |
2.5. | Different batteries size for different uses |
2.6. | Where can energy storage be fit in? |
2.7. | Battery storage system |
2.8. | Battery storage designed for self consumption |
3. | BATTERIES FOR STATIONARY ENERGY STORAGE |
3.1.1. | Battery for stationary energy storage: Overview |
3.1.2. | Electrochemistry definitions |
3.1.3. | Useful charts for performance comparison |
3.1.4. | MW or MWh? |
3.2. | Li-ion Batteries |
3.2.1. | What is a Li-ion battery? |
3.2.2. | Ragone plots |
3.2.3. | More than one type of Li-ion battery |
3.2.4. | Commercial battery packaging technologies |
3.2.5. | Differences between cell, module, and pack |
3.2.6. | A family tree of Li based batteries |
3.2.7. | Weight content of a Li-ion cell |
3.3. | Cathode Materials |
3.3.1. | Cathode history |
3.3.2. | Cathode materials - LCO and LFP |
3.3.3. | Cathode materials - NMC, NCA and LMO |
3.3.4. | Cathode development |
3.4. | Anode Materials |
3.4.1. | Anode materials |
3.4.2. | Introduction to graphite |
3.4.3. | The promise of silicon |
3.4.4. | Introduction to lithium titanate oxide (LTO) |
3.4.5. | Where will LTO play a role? |
3.4.6. | Anodes compared |
3.4.7. | IDTechEx's Li-ion Battery related reports |
3.5. | Other Batteries |
3.5.1. | More than Li-ion |
3.5.2. | The increasingly important role of stationary storage |
3.5.3. | Lead-acid batteries |
3.5.4. | Sodium sulphur battery |
3.5.5. | Nickel cadmium and nickel metal hydride battery |
3.5.6. | Redox flow batteries for stationary storage? |
3.5.7. | Redox flow batteries working principle |
3.5.8. | Exploded view of VRFB |
3.5.9. | The case for RFBs: Stationary Batteries Comparison |
3.5.10. | RFB chemistries: All Vanadium (VRFB) |
3.5.11. | RFB chemistries: Zinc Bromine flow battery (ZBB) - Hybrid |
3.5.12. | RFB chemistries: Hydrogen/Bromide - Hybrid |
3.5.13. | RFB Chemistries: all Iron - Hybrid |
3.5.14. | Other RFBs: Organic Redox Flow Battery |
3.5.15. | Technology recap |
3.5.16. | PEMFC Overview |
3.5.17. | The fuel cell limitations |
3.5.18. | Renewables + storage to gas |
3.5.19. | Comparison of ES technology use cases |
3.5.20. | High Potential ES Technologies: Overview |
3.5.21. | High Potential ES Technologies: Properties |
3.5.22. | High Potential ES Technologies: Properties Comparison |
3.5.23. | High potential ES technologies analysis |
3.5.24. | Why not Li-ion or Redox Flow Batteries? |
3.5.25. | Comparison of energy storage devices |
4. | STATIONARY ENERGY STORAGE: DRIVERS |
4.1.1. | Introduction to ES drivers |
4.1.2. | Overview of ES drivers |
4.1.3. | ESS for every position in the value chain |
4.1.4. | Power capacity VS. discharge duration |
4.2. | Behind-the-Meter Applications |
4.2.1. | Renewable energy self-consumption |
4.2.2. | Principle of self-consumption |
4.2.3. | Time-of-Usage (ToU) arbitrage |
4.2.4. | Feed-in-Tariff phase-outs |
4.2.5. | Net metering phase-outs |
4.2.6. | Other drivers |
4.2.7. | Power Purchase Agreements |
4.2.8. | Virtual Power Plants |
4.2.9. | Virtual Power Plant companies |
4.2.10. | Summary of solar compensations |
4.2.11. | Demand charge reduction |
4.2.12. | Vehicle-to-grid and vehicle-to-home |
4.2.13. | A brief history of V2G/V2H |
4.2.14. | FCA V2G in Mirafiori |
4.2.15. | Schematics of V2G and V2H |
4.2.16. | Summary: Values provided by battery storage - Customer Side |
4.3. | Front-of-Meter Applications |
4.3.1. | Gas peaker plant deferral |
4.3.2. | Off-grid and remote applications |
4.3.3. | Other drivers |
4.3.4. | Values provided by battery storage in utility |
4.3.5. | Overview of ancillary services |
4.3.6. | Ancillary service requirements |
4.3.7. | Frequency Regulation |
4.3.8. | Levels of frequency regulation |
4.3.9. | Load following |
4.3.10. | Spinning and non-spinning reserve |
4.3.11. | Values provided by battery storage in ancillary services |
5. | REGIONAL ANALYSIS |
5.1.1. | Regional analysis overview |
5.1.2. | Global battery installation (GWh) |
5.1.3. | Global battery installation breakdown |
5.2. | United States |
5.2.1. | U.S. overview |
5.2.2. | US Policy, and ES storage projects |
5.2.3. | US electricity cost |
5.2.4. | US: Key Developments |
5.2.5. | US Key Developments: FERC Order 2222 |
5.2.6. | FERC 2222 advantages for ES market |
5.2.7. | US Key Developments FERC Order 841 |
5.2.8. | US: Key Developments |
5.2.9. | Hot states: mandates and targets overview |
5.2.10. | U.S. stationary battery forecast |
5.2.11. | US State Analysis |
5.3. | California |
5.3.1. | California overview |
5.3.2. | Large utility battery projects |
5.3.3. | California home-batteries policies: SGIP |
5.3.4. | California home-batteries policies: NEM |
5.3.5. | California home battery market |
5.4. | Hawaii |
5.4.1. | Hawaii: 'The prototype state' |
5.4.2. | Hawaii clean energy initiative |
5.4.3. | Renewables + Storage are competitive with fossil fuels |
5.4.4. | Net Energy Metering (NEM) and its upgrade |
5.4.5. | Performance-based regulations for renewables |
5.5. | Virginia |
5.5.1. | Energy Storage Policy: Virginia |
5.5.2. | South Carolina |
5.5.3. | South Carolina: Energy Freedom Act |
5.6. | New York |
5.6.1. | New York state moving toward Energy Storage |
5.6.2. | New York, and the largest installed battery - 2.5 GWh |
5.6.3. | New York state energy storage roadmap |
5.7. | Australia |
5.7.1. | Australia's summary |
5.7.2. | Australia battery installations |
5.7.3. | Residential storage boom in Australia |
5.7.4. | Australia storage policy and renewables targets |
5.7.5. | Australia's Li-ion battery supply chain |
5.8. | Japan |
5.8.1. | Introduction to the Japanese energy status |
5.8.2. | Japanese multiple approaches toward energy resiliency |
5.8.3. | A trend shift: Residential2012 - Utility2017 - Residential2020 |
5.8.4. | FiT phase out, driver for battery energy storage |
5.8.5. | Private households investing in Solar + Batteries |
5.8.6. | Tesla entering the Japanese home batteries |
5.8.7. | Other approaches besides Home Batteries |
5.8.8. | Relevant Projects: Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) |
5.8.9. | The "Basic Hydrogen Roadmap" |
5.8.10. | 10MW Fukushima Electrolyser |
5.9. | China |
5.9.1. | Chinese emissions target |
5.9.2. | Chinese power grid upgrade |
5.9.3. | Chinese Energy Storage: a solid slowdown |
5.9.4. | Chinese ES market is destined to grow |
5.9.5. | A Li-ion battery driven Energy Storage market |
5.9.6. | Chinese battery installations |
5.10. | India |
5.10.1. | India's commitment toward renewables |
5.10.2. | A lead-acid dominated industry |
5.10.3. | The Indian Li-ion battery industry development |
5.10.4. | India battery installations |
5.11. | South Korea |
5.11.1. | Korea overview |
5.11.2. | Polluting more now, to pollute less later |
5.11.3. | Government approach toward ES system |
5.11.4. | Korea: Market Drivers |
5.11.5. | Korean Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) |
5.11.6. | Reduced battery installations after 2018 |
5.11.7. | Battery fires in Korea |
5.11.8. | Causes of battery fires |
5.11.9. | Korea: ESS developer market share |
5.12. | United Kingdom |
5.12.1. | UK renewable energy overview |
5.12.2. | Summary |
5.12.3. | Capacity Market: 2020 updates |
5.12.4. | A step forward for clean energy sources |
5.12.5. | Key changes to the Capacity Market (CM) |
5.12.6. | Capacity Markets: Explained |
5.12.7. | Batteries lose value after BEIS de-rating |
5.12.8. | Storage de-rating factors |
5.12.9. | Revenue stacking |
5.12.10. | UK residential market lagging |
5.13. | Germany |
5.13.1. | Germany: the European 'California' |
5.13.2. | Structure and targets of the 'Energy Concept' |
5.13.3. | Germany overview |
5.13.4. | From coal to storage |
5.13.5. | Electricity grid upgrade |
5.13.6. | The German energy transition emblem: 'BigBattery Lausitz' |
5.13.7. | GridBooster project |
5.13.8. | FTM in Germany |
5.13.9. | Home batteries as solution |
5.13.10. | Solar-plus-storage reaches cost parity |
5.13.11. | KfW bank subsidy |
5.13.12. | Further options, after the FiT |
5.13.13. | Home battery in Germany |
5.13.14. | Germany battery installations |
5.14. | Italy |
5.14.1. | Italian energetic situation |
5.14.2. | The Italian Feed-in-Tarif, and the new RES Decree |
5.14.3. | Italian historical Feed-in-Tariff |
5.14.4. | Electricity storage in Italy: the VPP development |
5.14.5. | FCA V2G in Mirafiori |
5.14.6. | Italy: home batteries recession |
5.14.7. | Italian battery storage |
6. | ENERGY STORAGE PLAYERS |
6.1. | Convergence between solar and storage |
6.2. | Downstream Energy Storage component vendors |
6.3. | Global players in ESS |
6.4. | Companies from other sectors jumping in |
6.5. | Value Chain |
6.6. | Most companies in assembly business |
6.7. | Tesla's ESS business |
6.8. | Powerwall and Powerpack |
6.9. | Residential storage cost breakdown |
6.10. | Tesla's ESS business |
6.11. | Major powerpack projects |
6.12. | Tesla Megapack |
6.13. | Leclanché |
6.14. | Green Charge Networks |
6.15. | BYD |
6.16. | BYD's layout is similar to Tesla |
6.17. | Green Mountain Power |
6.18. | Green Mountain Power's Innovation Strategy |
6.19. | Global players in ESS |
6.20. | Company Profiles (Hyperlinks) |
6.21. | Ampard and Fenecon |
6.22. | Stem |
6.23. | Benchmark of IDTechEx Index across vendors |