1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY |
1.1. | Why adopt 3D printing? |
1.2. | Material compatibility across 3D printing technologies |
1.3. | Drivers and restraints of growth for 3D printing |
1.4. | Overview of Polymer 3D Printing Technologies |
1.5. | Breaking down polymer materials for 3D printing |
1.6. | Overview of Metal 3D Printing Technologies |
1.7. | Overview of Metal AM Feedstock Options |
1.8. | 3D Printing Ceramics - Technology Overview |
1.9. | Evaluation of Ceramic 3D Printing Technologies |
1.10. | Ceramic 3D printing materials on the market |
1.11. | Overview of post-processing techniques for metal additive manufacturing |
1.12. | Overview of post-processing techniques for polymer additive manufacturing |
1.13. | Relationship between 3D printing hardware and software |
1.14. | 3D Scanner Manufacturers - Segmented by Price and Technology |
1.15. | 3D Printing Investment Overview for 2021 |
1.16. | 3D Printing Investment Overview for H1 2022 |
1.17. | Hardware Market Share for Printing Processes by Company |
1.18. | 3D Printing Technology Segmentation |
1.19. | 3D Printing Technology Segmentation |
1.20. | Current market share of materials demand - revenue and mass |
1.21. | Current AM Technology Market Share |
1.22. | 3D Printing Market Forecast 2023-2033 |
1.23. | 3D Printing Hardware Market by Technology 2023-2033 |
1.24. | 3D Printing Hardware Market by Technology 2023-2033 |
1.25. | 3D Printing Install Base by Technology 2023-2033 |
1.26. | 3D Printing Technology Market Share in 2033 |
1.27. | 3D Printing Materials Forecast by Material Type - Revenue and Mass |
1.28. | 3D Printing Materials Forecast by Material Type - Discussion |
1.29. | Conclusions |
1.30. | 3D Printing Research at IDTechEx |
1.31. | Company Profiles - Printer Manufacturers |
1.32. | Company Profiles - Materials, Software, Services |
2. | INTRODUCTION |
2.1. | Glossary: common acronyms for reference |
2.2. | Scope of Report |
2.3. | The different types of 3D printing processes |
2.4. | Material compatibility across 3D printing technologies |
2.5. | Why adopt 3D printing? |
2.6. | History of 3D printing: the rise of the hobbyist |
2.7. | Timeline of 3D printing metals |
2.8. | History of ceramic 3D printing companies |
2.9. | Business models: selling printers vs parts |
2.10. | Consumer vs prosumer vs professional |
2.11. | Use patterns and market segmentation |
2.12. | Drivers and restraints of growth for 3D printing |
3. | POLYMER HARDWARE |
3.1. | Polymer Printing Technologies |
3.1.1. | Extrusion: Thermoplastic Filament |
3.1.2. | Extrusion: Thermoplastic Pellet |
3.1.3. | Powder Bed Fusion: Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) |
3.1.4. | Powder Bed Fusion: Multi-Jet Fusion |
3.1.5. | Vat Photopolymerisation: Stereolithography (SLA) |
3.1.6. | Vat Photopolymerisation: Digital Light Processing (DLP) |
3.1.7. | Material Jetting: Photopolymer |
3.2. | Polymer Printer Benchmarking |
3.2.1. | Introduction to Polymer 3D Printing Technologies |
3.2.2. | Benchmarking: Maximum Build Volume |
3.2.3. | Benchmarking: Build Rate |
3.2.4. | Benchmarking: Z Resolution |
3.2.5. | Benchmarking: XY Resolution |
3.2.6. | Benchmarking: Price vs Build Volume |
3.2.7. | Benchmarking: Price vs Build Rate |
3.2.8. | Benchmarking: Price vs Z Resolution |
3.2.9. | Benchmarking: Build Rate vs Build Volume |
3.2.10. | Benchmarking: Build Rate vs Z Resolution |
3.2.11. | Averages of Polymer 3D Printing Technologies |
4. | POLYMER MATERIALS |
4.1. | Breaking down polymer materials for 3D printing |
4.2. | Photopolymer Resins |
4.2.1. | Introduction to photopolymer resins |
4.2.2. | Chemistry of photosensitive resins |
4.2.3. | Chemistry of photopolymer resins |
4.2.4. | Resins - advantages and disadvantages |
4.2.5. | General purpose resins - overview |
4.2.6. | Engineering resins - overview |
4.2.7. | Flexible resins - overview |
4.2.8. | Castable resins - overview |
4.2.9. | Healthcare resins - overview |
4.2.10. | Extrusion resins - overview |
4.2.11. | Viscous photosensitive resins |
4.2.12. | Photosensitive resin suppliers |
4.3. | Thermoplastic powders |
4.3.1. | Introduction to thermoplastic powders |
4.3.2. | Engineering (nylon) powder - overview |
4.3.3. | Flexible powder - overview |
4.3.4. | Composite powder - overview |
4.3.5. | High temperature powder - overview |
4.3.6. | Engineering (other) powder - overview |
4.3.7. | Thermoplastic powders: post-processing |
4.3.8. | Thermoplastic powder suppliers |
4.4. | Thermoplastic filaments |
4.4.1. | Introduction to thermoplastic filaments |
4.4.2. | General purpose filaments - overview |
4.4.3. | Engineering filaments - overview |
4.4.4. | Flexible filaments - overview |
4.4.5. | Reinforced Filaments - overview |
4.4.6. | High Temperature Filaments - overview |
4.4.7. | Support Filaments - overview |
4.4.8. | Fillers for thermoplastic filaments |
4.4.9. | Thermoplastic filament suppliers |
4.4.10. | Procurement of thermoplastic filaments |
5. | METAL HARDWARE |
5.1. | Established Metal Printing Technologies |
5.1.1. | Powder Bed Fusion: Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) |
5.1.2. | Powder Bed Fusion: Electron Beam Melting (EBM) |
5.1.3. | Directed Energy Deposition: Powder |
5.1.4. | Directed Energy Deposition: Wire |
5.1.5. | Binder Jetting: Metal Binder Jetting |
5.1.6. | Binder Jetting: Sand Binder Jetting |
5.1.7. | Sheet Lamination: Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing (UAM) |
5.2. | Emerging Metal Printing Technologies |
5.2.1. | Emerging Printing Processes - overview |
5.2.2. | Extrusion: Metal-Polymer Filament (MPFE) |
5.2.3. | Extrusion: Metal-Polymer Pellet |
5.2.4. | Extrusion: Metal Paste |
5.2.5. | Vat Photopolymerisation: Digital Light Processing (DLP) |
5.2.6. | Material Jetting: Nanoparticle Jetting (NPJ) |
5.2.7. | Material Jetting: Magnetohydrodynamic Deposition |
5.2.8. | Material Jetting: Electrochemical Deposition |
5.2.9. | Material Jetting: Cold Spray |
5.2.10. | Binder Jetting Advancements |
5.2.11. | Developments in PBF and DED: Energy Sources |
5.2.12. | Developments in PBF and DED: Low-Cost Printers |
5.2.13. | Developments in PBF and DED: New Technologies |
5.2.14. | Processes with a Metal Slurry Feedstock |
5.2.15. | Alternative Emerging DMLS Variations |
5.3. | Metal Printers: Comparison and Benchmarking |
5.3.1. | Metal Additive Manufacturing: Technology Overview |
5.3.2. | Benchmarking: Maximum Build Volume |
5.3.3. | Benchmarking: Build Rate |
5.3.4. | Benchmarking: Z Resolution |
5.3.5. | Benchmarking: XY Resolution |
5.3.6. | Benchmarking: Price vs Build Volume |
5.3.7. | Benchmarking: Price vs Build Rate |
5.3.8. | Benchmarking: Price vs Z Resolution |
5.3.9. | Benchmarking: Build Rate vs Build Volume |
5.3.10. | Benchmarking: Build Rate vs Z Resolution |
5.3.11. | Overview of Metal 3D Printing Technologies |
5.3.12. | Maximums & Minimums of Metal 3D Printing Technologies |
6. | METAL MATERIALS |
6.1. | Metal powders |
6.1.1. | Overview of Metal AM Feedstock Options |
6.1.2. | Powder morphology specification |
6.1.3. | Water or gas atomization |
6.1.4. | Plasma atomization |
6.1.5. | Electrochemical atomization |
6.1.6. | Powder morphology depends on atomization process |
6.1.7. | Metal Compatibility with Printing Technologies |
6.1.8. | Suppliers of metal powders for AM |
6.1.9. | Titanium powder - overview |
6.1.10. | Titanium powder - main players |
6.1.11. | Key material start-ups for metal additive manufacturing |
6.1.12. | Recycled titanium feedstocks |
6.1.13. | Metal powder bed fusion post processing |
6.1.14. | Barriers and limitations to using metal powders |
6.2. | Other metal feedstocks |
6.2.1. | Metal wire feedstocks |
6.2.2. | Metal + polymer filaments |
6.2.3. | Metal + polymer filaments: BASF Ultrafuse |
6.2.4. | Metal + photopolymer resin |
6.3. | Emerging Metal Materials |
6.3.1. | Expanding the aluminum AM material portfolio |
6.3.2. | 3D printing with copper: huge potential with many challenges |
6.3.3. | Expanding the copper AM material portfolio |
6.3.4. | High entropy alloys for AM |
6.3.5. | Amorphous alloys for AM |
6.3.6. | Emerging aluminum alloys and MMCs |
6.3.7. | Multi-metal material solutions |
6.3.8. | Materials informatics for additive manufacturing materials |
6.3.9. | Materials informatics for additive manufacturing materials |
6.3.10. | Tungsten powder and nanoparticles |
7. | CERAMIC HARDWARE |
7.1. | Ceramic Printing Technologies |
7.1.1. | 3D Printing Ceramics - Technology Overview |
7.1.2. | Extrusion: Paste |
7.1.3. | Extrusion: Ceramic-Polymer Filament |
7.1.4. | Extrusion: Ceramic-Polymer Pellet |
7.1.5. | Vat Photopolymerisation: Stereolithography (SLA) |
7.1.6. | Vat Photopolymerisation: Digital Light Processing (DLP) |
7.1.7. | Material Jetting: Nanoparticle Jetting (NPJ) |
7.1.8. | Binder Jetting: Ceramic Binder Jetting |
7.1.9. | Why are there no commercial SLS ceramic printers? |
7.1.10. | Why are there no commercial SLM ceramic printers? |
7.2. | Ceramic Printers: Benchmarking |
7.2.1. | Ceramic: Build Volumes by Printer Manufacturer |
7.2.2. | Ceramic: Minimum Z Resolution by Printer Manufacturer |
7.2.3. | Ceramic Benchmarking: Z Resolution vs Build Volume |
7.2.4. | Ceramic: Minimum XY Resolution by Printer Manufacturer |
7.2.5. | Ceramic: Build Speed by Technology Type |
7.2.6. | Ceramic Benchmarking: Build Volume vs Price |
7.2.7. | Ceramic Benchmarking: Z Resolution vs Price |
7.2.8. | Evaluation of Ceramic 3D Printing Technologies |
8. | CERAMIC MATERIALS |
8.1. | Introduction to ceramic 3D printing materials |
8.2. | Classification: by feedstock type |
8.3. | Classification: by application |
8.4. | Classification: by chemistry |
8.5. | Ceramic 3D printing materials on the market |
8.6. | Bioceramics |
8.7. | Mechanical properties of 3DP ceramic materials |
8.8. | Thermal properties of 3DP ceramic materials |
8.9. | Average densities of 3DP ceramic materials |
8.10. | Flexural strength vs density - 3DP ceramic materials |
8.11. | Alumina comparison - AM vs non AM |
8.12. | Zirconia comparison - AM vs non AM |
8.13. | Silicon carbide and nitride comparison |
8.14. | Ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs) |
8.15. | Ceramics as reinforcement in 3D printing |
8.16. | Manufacturers of ceramics for 3D printing |
9. | COMPOSITE HARDWARE |
9.1. | Polymer Composites - Overview |
9.2. | Chopped Fibre Thermoplastic Filament Extrusion |
9.3. | Continuous Fibre Thermoplastic Filament Extrusion |
9.4. | Continuous Fibre Thermoplastic Tape Extrusion |
9.5. | Sheet Lamination |
9.6. | Powder Bed Fusion: Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) |
9.7. | Continuous Fiber Thermoset Extrusion |
9.8. | Composite Vat Photopolymerization |
10. | COMPOSITE MATERIALS |
10.1. | Composite material feedstock: introduction |
10.2. | Material assessment: matrix considerations |
10.3. | Material assessment: mechanical properties |
10.4. | Material assessment: price and performance benchmarking |
10.5. | Material assessment: price and performance benchmarking |
10.6. | Complete material list: short carbon fiber |
10.7. | Complete material list: short glass fiber |
10.8. | Complete material list: powder |
10.9. | Complete material list: continuous fiber |
10.10. | Benchmarking study by independent research institute |
10.11. | Key composite 3D printing material news and developments |
10.12. | Recycled carbon fiber as feedstock material |
10.13. | Nanocarbon additive: property advantages |
10.14. | Nanocarbon additive: commercial activity |
11. | PRINTERS AND MATERIALS FOR CONSTRUCTION 3D PRINTING |
11.1. | A Brief History of Concrete 3D Printing |
11.2. | The drivers behind 3D printed concrete |
11.3. | Main categories of concrete AM technology |
11.4. | Cartesian ("gantry") extrusion |
11.5. | Robotic extrusion |
11.6. | Binder jetting |
11.7. | Materials for concrete 3D printing |
11.8. | Notable concrete 3D printing projects |
11.9. | Barriers to adoption of concrete 3D printing |
11.10. | Outlook for concrete 3D printing |
11.11. | Concrete 3D printing companies |
11.12. | Clay 3D printing for construction |
11.13. | Thermoset 3D printing for construction |
12. | POST-PROCESSING FOR ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING |
12.1. | Introduction to post-processing |
12.2. | Why is post-processing done after 3D printing? |
12.3. | Overview of post-processing techniques for metal additive manufacturing |
12.4. | Overview of post-processing techniques for polymer additive manufacturing |
12.5. | Material removal |
12.6. | Process-inherent treatments |
12.7. | Surface finishing techniques |
12.8. | Other post-processing treatments |
12.9. | AM post-processing companies |
12.10. | Pain points for post-processing in AM |
13. | SOFTWARE, SCANNERS, AND SERVICES |
13.1. | Software for 3D Printing |
13.1.1. | Overview of 3D Printing Software Segments |
13.1.2. | Relationship between 3D printing hardware and software |
13.1.3. | Hobbyist 3D printing software usage |
13.1.4. | Professional 3D printing software usage |
13.1.5. | 3D Scanning Software |
13.1.6. | Computer Aided Design (CAD) |
13.1.7. | .STL files |
13.1.8. | Computer Aided Engineering (CAE): Topology |
13.1.9. | Computer Aided Engineering (CAE): Process simulation |
13.1.10. | Computer Aided Manufacture (CAM): Build preparation |
13.1.11. | Integrated CAD/CAE/CAM Suites |
13.1.12. | Workflow Management Solutions |
13.1.13. | Pain points in 3D printing software |
13.1.14. | Developers of 3D Printing Software |
13.1.15. | Developers of 3D Printing Software |
13.2. | 3D Scanning |
13.2.1. | Introduction to 3D Scanning |
13.2.2. | Laser Triangulation |
13.2.3. | Structured Light |
13.2.4. | 3D Computed Tomography |
13.2.5. | Price Segmentation of 3D Scanners |
13.2.6. | 3D Scanner Manufacturers - Segmented by Price and Technology |
13.2.7. | 3D Scanners in Additive Manufacturing |
13.2.8. | Industries using 3D Scanners with 3D Printing |
13.3. | Production services for 3D printing |
13.3.1. | What are 3D Printing Service Bureaus? |
13.3.2. | What Does a Service Bureau Do? |
13.3.3. | Value Proposition Behind Service Bureaus |
13.3.4. | Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM) |
13.3.5. | Notable Service Bureaus |
13.3.6. | Service Bureau Performance During the Pandemic |
13.3.7. | Challenges Facing Service Bureaus |
13.3.8. | Outlook for 3D Printing Service Bureaus |
13.3.9. | List of Selected 3D Printing Service Bureaus |
14. | APPLICATIONS FOR ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING |
14.1. | 3D Printing for Healthcare |
14.1.1. | Most Popular 3D Printing Technologies in Healthcare |
14.1.2. | Polymers Used in Medical 3D Printing |
14.1.3. | Medical Applications of Polymer 3D Printing |
14.1.4. | Medical Applications of 3D Printing by Polymer Type |
14.1.5. | 3D Printing as a Surgical Tool |
14.1.6. | Using models to improve patient care, standards and efficiency |
14.1.7. | 3D Printing Custom Plates, Implants, Valves and Stents |
14.1.8. | 3D Printing Custom Plates, Implants, Valves and Stents |
14.1.9. | Case Study: Hip Replacement Revision Surgery |
14.1.10. | Case Study: Canine Cranial Plate in Titanium |
14.1.11. | Case Study: Implantable Dental Devices and Prostheses |
14.1.12. | Case Study: Mandibular Reconstructive Surgery |
14.1.13. | 3D Printing External Medical Devices |
14.1.14. | Case Study: Hearing Aids |
14.1.15. | Case Study: Orthotic Insoles |
14.1.16. | High temperature thermoplastic filaments and powders |
14.1.17. | Photosensitive Resins |
14.1.18. | Titanium Alloy Powders |
14.1.19. | Bioactive Ceramic Filaments and Resins |
14.1.20. | 3D-Printing During the COVID-19 Pandemic |
14.1.21. | Case Study: Parts for Ventilators |
14.1.22. | 3D Printing in Pharmaceuticals |
14.1.23. | 3D Printed Pharma: Novel Dissolution Profiles |
14.1.24. | 3D Printed Pharma: Personalized Medication |
14.1.25. | 3D Printed Pharma: Novel Drugs and Drug Testing |
14.1.26. | 3D Printed Pharma: Commercial Status and Regulatory Overview |
14.2. | 3D Printing in Aviation, Space, and Defense |
14.2.1. | GE Aviation: LEAP Fuel Nozzles |
14.2.2. | GE Aviation: Next-Gen RISE Engine |
14.2.3. | GE Aviation: Bleed Air Parts and Turboprop Engines |
14.2.4. | GE Aviation and Boeing 777X: GE9X Engines |
14.2.5. | Boeing 787 Dreamliner: Ti-6Al-4V Structures |
14.2.6. | Boeing: Gearboxes for Chinook Helicopters |
14.2.7. | Boeing and Maxar Technologies: Satellites |
14.2.8. | Airbus and Eutelsat: Satellites |
14.2.9. | Autodesk and Airbus: Optimised Partition Wall |
14.2.10. | Airbus: Bracket |
14.2.11. | RUAG Space and Altair: Antenna Mount |
14.2.12. | Hofmann: Oxygen Supply Tube |
14.2.13. | Relativity Space: Rockets |
14.2.14. | Composite 3D Printing: UAVs and Satellites |
14.2.15. | OEM AM Strategy - GE |
14.2.16. | OEM AM Strategy - Airbus |
14.2.17. | OEM AM Strategy - Boeing |
14.2.18. | OEM AM Strategy - Rolls-Royce |
14.3. | Other Industries Using Additive Manufacturing |
14.3.1. | Automotive |
14.3.2. | Motorsport |
14.3.3. | Marine |
14.3.4. | Oil and Gas |
14.3.5. | Power Generation |
14.3.6. | Manufacturing Plants |
14.3.7. | Consumer Goods |
14.3.8. | Art and Design |
14.3.9. | Electronics |
15. | MARKET ANALYSIS |
15.1. | Impact of COVID-19: Summary of Company Perspectives |
15.2. | Fiscal Year 2021 Results: Legacy 3D Printer Manufacturers |
15.3. | Fiscal Year 2021 Results: Emerging Printer Manufacturers |
15.4. | Fiscal Year 2021 Results: Metal Printer Manufacturers |
15.5. | Fiscal Year 2021 Results: Service Providers |
15.6. | 3D Printing Investment Overview for 2021 |
15.7. | Notable Acquisitions in 2021 |
15.8. | Acquisition Spotlight: Desktop Metal |
15.9. | Companies That Went Public in 2021: Summary |
15.10. | Companies Going Public in 2021 by Company Type |
15.11. | Printer Companies Going Public in 2021 by Material |
15.12. | Companies Going Public in 2021: SPAC vs IPO |
15.13. | Companies Going Public in 2021 by Country |
15.14. | 3D Printing Private Funding in 2021 by Company Type |
15.15. | 3D Printing Private Funding in 2021 by Region |
15.16. | 3D Printing Private Funding in 2021 by Country |
15.17. | Top 10 Fundraising Rounds in 2021 |
15.18. | 3D Printing Investment Overview for H1 2022 |
15.19. | Notable Acquisitions/Mergers in H1 2022 |
15.20. | Companies Going Public in H1 2022 |
15.21. | 3D Printing Investment in H1 2022 |
15.22. | 3D Printing Hardware Historic Revenue Growth |
15.23. | Evolution of Market Shares for 7 Printing Processes |
15.24. | Hardware Market Share by Company |
15.25. | Hardware Market Share for Printing Processes by Company |
15.26. | 3D Printing Hardware Revenue by Manufacturer Region |
15.27. | Technology Segmentation |
15.28. | Technology Segmentation |
15.29. | Current Technology Market Share |
15.30. | Current market share of materials demand - revenue and mass |
16. | MARKET FORECASTS |
16.1. | 3D Printing Market Forecast 2023-2033 |
16.2. | 3D Printing Hardware Forecasts |
16.2.1. | Forecast Methodology and Presentation of Findings |
16.2.2. | 3D Printing Hardware Market Forecast |
16.2.3. | 3D Printing Hardware Market by Technology |
16.2.4. | 3D Printing Hardware Market by Process |
16.2.5. | 3D Printing Hardware Market by Material Class |
16.2.6. | 3D Printing Hardware Market by Unit Sale Type |
16.2.7. | 3D Printing Hardware Unit Sales by Technology |
16.2.8. | 3D Printing Install Base by Technology |
16.2.9. | 3D Printing Technology Market Share in 2033 |
16.3. | 3D Printing Material Forecasts |
16.3.1. | Forecast methodology and presentation of findings |
16.3.2. | 3D Printing Materials Forecast by Material Type - Revenue and Mass |
16.3.3. | 3D Printing Materials Forecast by Material Type - Discussion |
16.3.4. | Polymer AM Materials Forecast by Feedstock - Revenue and Mass |
16.3.5. | Polymer Materials Forecast by Feedstock - Discussion |
16.3.6. | Metal AM Materials Forecast by Feedstock - Revenue and Mass |
16.3.7. | Metal AM Materials Forecast by Feedstock - Discussion |
17. | CONCLUSIONS |
17.1. | Key Trends for 3D Printing Materials |
17.2. | Key Trends in Metal Additive Manufacturing |
17.3. | Key Trends in Metal Additive Manufacturing |
17.4. | Conclusions |
17.5. | Company Profiles - Printer Manufacturers |
17.6. | Company Profiles - Materials, Software, Services |
17.7. | 3D Printing Research at IDTechEx |
18. | APPENDIX |
18.1. | 3D Printing Market Forecast 2023-2033 |
18.2. | 3D Printing Hardware Market by Technology |
18.3. | 3D Printing Hardware Market by Material Class |
18.4. | 3D Printing Hardware Market by Unit Sale Type |
18.5. | 3D Printing Hardware Unit Sales by Technology |
18.6. | 3D Printing Install Base by Technology |
18.7. | 3D Printing Materials Forecast by Material Type - Mass |
18.8. | 3D Printing Materials Forecast by Material Type - Revenue |
18.9. | Polymer AM Materials Forecast by Feedstock - Revenue |
18.10. | Polymer AM Materials Forecast by Feedstock - Mass |
18.11. | Metal AM Materials Forecast by Feedstock - Mass |
18.12. | Metal AM Materials Forecast by Feedstock - Revenue |